Introduction : N-Terminal Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide (NT-proBNP) is an important biomarker for heart disease in adults and children. However, a few studies showed that NT-proBNP levels may be elevated in acute infections and other non-cardiac disease in children. So, we evaluated the NT-proBNP levels in children and compared in cardiac disease and non-cardiac disease. Methods : NT-proBNP concentrations were measured in 255 pediatric patients (age range, 1-14 years), who admitted to Keimyung University Dongsan medical center between July 2014 and December 2016. The patients were divided into cardiac disease group and non-cardiac infectious disease group. Results : There were 114 patients with cardiac disease, including myocarditis, pericarditis, dilated cardiomyopathy, congenital heart disease, kawasaki disease and arrhythmia. And there were 141 patients with noncardiac infectious disease, including sepsis, enteritis, urinary tract infection, upper and lower respiratory infection and simple febrile illness. NT-proBNP concentrations were higher in cardiac disease group (1640.3 ± 3893.0 pg/mL) than infectious disease group (824.2 ± 3209.7 pg/mL), although this was not statistically significant ( P = 0.058). There was no significant difference of NT-proBNP levels between the patients with and without systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Conclusions : NT-proBNP levels can be elevated in non-cardiac disease, but not as high as cardiac disease. It may be inaccurate to use NT-proBNP levels as a sole means to differentiate between cardiac disease and non-cardiac disease.